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疫病、古遺伝学が明らかにする、歴史学の境界 :: リー・モルデカイ (イズラエル)、マール・アイセンベルグ（米国）
ユスティアヌスの疫病が及ぼした影響は活発な討論の対象となっています。地中海世界の人口の半分は疫病によって命を落とし、その上ローマ帝国の崩壊にも疫病が関わったと言う学者もいれば、人口構成への影響は微々たるものであり、歴史の流れは疫病によって左右されることもなかったと主張する学者もいます。
瘟疫学、古遗传学与历史学科间的界限 :: Lee Mordechai (以色列)，Merle Eisenberg (美国)
查士丁尼瘟疫带来的影响在学术界引起了激烈的讨论。一些学者认为，它导致了地中海世界多达一半人口的死亡，并促成了罗马帝国的衰落；而另一些学者则认为，它在人口统计学上并不重要，并且在各大规模的历史进程中也并非是一个重要的因素。
瘟疫學，古遺傳學與歷史學科間的界限 :: Lee Mordechai (以色列)，Merle Eisenberg (美國)
查士丁尼瘟疫帶來的影響在學術界引起了激烈的討論。一些學者認為，它導致了地中海世界多達一半人口的死亡，並促成了羅馬帝國的衰落；而另一些學者則認為，它在人口統計學上並不重要，並且在各個大規模的歷史進程中也並非是一個重要的因素。
Plague, Paleogenetics, and the Boundaries of the Discipline of History :: Lee Mordechai (Israel) and Merle Eisenberg (United States)
The perceived effects of the Justinianic Plague are hotly debated. While some scholars believe it killed as much as half the population of the Mediterranean world and contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire, others argue that it was
Creating Safety, Courting Disaster on the Lower Shinano River, Japan :: Philip C. Brown (United States)
Engineering the Lower Shinano River in northeastern Japan to prevent floods such as those of 1896 ironically contributed to increased loss of property and expanded risk of other flood and tsunami damage as the region developed over the next century.
纽约港1917至1918年间冬季的恶性循环 作者：杰拉德·菲茨杰拉德（美国）
作为一战中在西部战线为盟军提供后勤支持的重要枢纽，纽约港于1917年12月至1918年2月下旬间不断接受着冰暴和暴风雪的挑战，基本瘫痪。
紐約港1917至1918年間冬季的惡性循環 作者： 杰拉德·菲茨杰拉德（美國）
作為一戰中在西部戰線為盟軍提供後勤支持的重要樞紐，紐約港於1917年12月至1918年2月下旬間不斷接受著冰暴和暴風雪的挑戰，基本癱瘓。
New York Harbor and the Vicious Circle of the Winter of 1917–1918 :: Gerard J. Fitzgerald (United States)
Beginning in December 1917, and continuing through late February 1918, New York Harbor, a key hub of logistical support for the Allied war effort on the Western Front during World War I, was paralyzed by a seemingly unending series of
Remembering the Night of Noah: Flood Memory and Townsville’s Floods of 1998 and 2019 :: Rohan Lloyd (Australia)
汤斯维尔（Townsville）这个城市在应对极端事件上有着丰富的经验，它位于澳大利亚干旱的热带地区，只能依靠季节性季风（通常包括气旋）来维持水供给。汤斯维尔应对重大天气事件的方式已成为其集体认同的一部分。然而，汤斯维尔民众对这种反复无常的极端天气的认知并没有帮助他们保留甚至加深有关洪水的记忆。
1096年の永長地震・津波 :: Kristina Buhrman (United States)
概略：1096年の南海トラフ津波地震は駿河と伊勢海の海岸沿いの地域を破壊しました。
Remembering the Night of Noah: Flood Memory and Townsville’s Floods of 1998 and 2019 :: Rohan Lloyd (Australia)
Townsville is a city proud of its abilities to handle extremes. Located in Australia’s dry tropics, Townsville depends on seasonal monsoons (often including cyclones) to maintain its water supply. The way Townsville responds to major weather events has become part
1096 Eichō Earthquake and Tsunami :: Kristina Buhrman (United States)
The 1096 Nankai Trough tsunamigenic earthquake devastated communities along the Suruga and Ise coasts. The earthquake also caused damage to large and symbolically important buildings in the capital in Kyoto
The New Teach311 + COVID-19 Collective
Teach311 + COVID-19 is a collective of educators, researchers, artists, students and survivors spanning disciplinary and linguistic boundaries who study and teach about disasters. Our collaborative process encourages empathetic inquiry into the past, and shares those stories for the future.
A Killer Air: Delineating Disaster in Mexico City :: Ela Miljkovic (United States)
Disaster frequently confronts residents of Mexico City. Earthquakes threaten the indiscriminate destruction of structures both precolonial and new, flash floods tease a waterlogged future reminiscent of the city’s lacustrine past, ashfall from volcanic eruptions brewing in close proximity carries the
Gürbe River Flood :: Melanie Salvisberg (Switzerland)
How a Catastrophic Flood of the Gürbe River Triggered the Rethinking of Local Flood Protection On the evening of 29 July 1990, after a warm and sunny day, the sky over the Gantrisch region in the Swiss pre-Alps suddenly darkened.
The Sidoarjo Mudflow and the Muddiness of Environmental Disaster :: Anto Mohsin (Qatar)
Teach311.org is pleased to introduce the inaugural essay of the “Terms of Disaster” collection. This essay collection, co-curated with Arcadia, examines the historical setting and re-setting of the conditions and context of disaster due to human language and word choices. We’ll be posting more essays soon, so